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Closed Loop Stepper Motor

What is a Closed Loop Stepper Motor?

A closed loop stepper motor combines the basic working principle of a stepper motor with a feedback system. Unlike traditional open-loop stepper motors, which operate without feedback and rely on constant power pulses to determine position and speed, a closed loop stepper motor uses an encoder or a similar feedback device to continuously monitor and adjust its operation. The feedback system ensures the motor's position, speed, and performance are accurately regulated, even under varying loads and conditions.

 

BesFoc Closed Loop Stepper Motors

The Besfoc motor has an optical or magnetic encoder stepper motor with a resolution of 1000 lines or 1024 lines. The high-precision anti-interference is suitable for dust, dirt, and oil-stained environments, and realizes simple closed-loop control. Sizes include Nema11, Nema17, Nema23, Nema24 and Nema34.

NEMA 11 28HSN

NEMA 11 28HSN Closed Loop Stepper Motor

Stepper motor, small size, high torque, low noise, step angle: 1.8°, NEMA11, 28x28mm
Optional: Connectors, gearboxes, encoders, brakes ......
Model Step Angle Phase Shaft Type Body Length Current Resistance Inductance Holding Torque Leads No. Rotor Inertia Weight
(°) / / (L) mm A Ω mH N.cm No. g.cm2 Kg
BF28HSN006 1.8 2 Round 32 0.67 5.6 3.4 6 4 9 0.11
BF28HSN009 1.8 2 Round 45 0.67 6.8 4.9 9.5 4 12 0.14
BF28HSN012 1.8 2 Round 51 0.67 9.2 7.2 12 4 18 0.2
NEMA 17 Closed Loop Stepper Motor

NEMA 17 42HSN Closed Loop Stepper Motor

Stepper motor, small size, high torque, low noise, step angle: 1.8°, NEMA17, 42x42mm
Optional: Connectors, gearboxes, encoders, brakes ......
Model Step Angle Phase Shaft Type Body Length Current Resistance Inductance Holding Torque Leads No. Rotor Inertia Weight
(°) / / (L)mm A Ω mH N.cm No. g.cm2 Kg
BF42HSN05 1.8 2 Round 48 1.68 1.65 2.8 44 4 68 0.35
BF42HSN07 1.8 2 Round 60 1.7 3 6.2 7.3 4 102 0.55
NEMA 23 Closed Loop Stepper Motor

NEMA 23 57HSN Closed Loop Stepper Motor

Stepper motor, high torque, low noise, smooth type, step angle: 1.8° NEMA23, 57x57mm
Optional: Connectors, gearboxes, encoders, brakes ......
Model Step Angle Phase Shaft Type Body Length Current Resistance Inductance Holding Torque Leads No. Rotor Inertia Weight
(°) / / (L)mm A Ω mH Nm No. g.cm2 Kg
BF57HSN12 1.8 2 D-cut 56 4.2 0.4 1.5 1.2 4 280 0.68
BF57HSN21 1.8 2 D-cut 76 4.2 0.6 2 2.1 4 440 1.1
BF57HSN30 1.8 2 D-cut 112 4.2 0.9 4 3 4 800 1.4
NEMA 24 Closed Loop Stepper Motor

NEMA 24 60HSN Closed Loop Stepper Motor

Stepper motor, high torque, low noise, smooth type, step angle: 1.8°, NEMA24, 60x60mm
Optional: Connectors, gearboxes, encoders, brakes ......
Model Step Angle Phase Shaft Type Body Length Current Resistance Inductance Holding Torque Leads No. Rotor Inertia Weight
(°) / / (L)mm A Ω mH N.cm No. g.cm2 Kg
BF60HSN30 1.8 2 D-cut 100 4 0.65 2.4 3 4 980 1.7
BF60HSN40 1.8 2 D-cut 111 4 0.7 2 4 4 1120 1.9
NEMA 34 Closed Loop Stepper Motor

NEMA 34 86HSN Closed Loop Stepper Motor

Stepper motor, low rotor inertia, large torque, fast acceleration, step angle: 1.8°, NEMA34, 86x86mm
Optional: Connectors, gearboxes, encoders, brakes ......
Model Step Angle Phase Shaft Type Body Length Current Resistance inductance Holding Torque Leads No. Rotor Inertia Weight
(°) / / (L)mm A Ω mH Nm No. g.cm2 Kg
BF86HSN45 1.8 2 Key 78 6.0 0.27 2 4.5 4 1400 2.3
BF86HSN65 1.8 2 Key 100 6.0 0.27 2.2 6.8 4 2200 3
BF86HSN85 1.8 2 Key 115 6.0 0.36 3.8 8.5 4 2700 4.2
BF86HSN120 1.8 2 Key 155 6.0 0.44 3.8 12.0 4 4000 5.5

How Does a Closed Loop Stepper Motor Work?

The working principle of a closed loop stepper motor is built around the integration of feedback mechanisms, most often using an encoder that continuously monitors the position of the rotor. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of how it functions:

1. Initial Input Signal: 

The controller sends a pulse or command that instructs the motor to move to a certain position or rotate at a specified speed.

2. Motor Movement: 

The stepper motor moves incrementally, taking small steps corresponding to the pulse signals received from the controller. In traditional open-loop systems, the motor moves without feedback.

3. Feedback via Encoder: 

As the motor moves, an encoder or position sensor monitors the rotor’s position. This feedback is sent back to the controller, providing real-time data about the motor’s actual position.

4. Adjustment of Current: 

If the feedback data shows any discrepancy between the desired and actual position (due to load changes or external factors), the controller adjusts the current supplied to the motor to correct the error.

5. Continuous Monitoring and Correction: 

This feedback loop is continuous, ensuring that the motor always operates within its optimal range, even if conditions change.

The key difference between closed loop and open loop stepper motors is the feedback system, which allows for constant adjustments to ensure precision, stability, and efficiency.

 

Key Features of Closed Loop Stepper Motors

1. High Precision Control: 

The motor’s feedback system ensures that the motor responds accurately to input commands, correcting errors like missed steps or position shifts that can occur in open-loop systems.

2. Enhanced Efficiency: 

Closed loop systems adjust power consumption based on load requirements, reducing wasted energy and improving overall efficiency.

3. Reduced Heat Generation: 

Since the motor uses feedback to adjust power, it generates less heat compared to open-loop motors, which constantly consume power even when not necessary.

4. Low Noise and Vibration: 

By maintaining constant monitoring and adjustment, closed loop stepper motors operate more smoothly, generating less noise and vibration than their open-loop counterparts.
 

Advantages of Closed Loop Stepper Motors

1. Increased Accuracy and Precision

Closed loop stepper motors significantly improve position accuracy. They continuously adjust and correct any errors, ensuring the motor reaches its exact position without missing steps. This makes them ideal for applications where high precision is critical.

2. Greater Torque at Higher Speeds

Closed loop stepper motors provide higher torque, especially at higher speeds, compared to open-loop systems. The feedback system dynamically adjusts the motor’s power to ensure consistent performance, even when speed or load fluctuates.

3. Reduced Power Consumption

Traditional stepper motors run at full power all the time, whether the motor is under load or not. Closed loop systems only draw the power they need, significantly improving energy efficiency, especially in situations where the motor is lightly loaded.

4. Lower Heat Generation

As a result of more efficient power usage, closed loop stepper motors generate less heat than open-loop systems. This reduces the need for complex cooling mechanisms and extends the life of the motor and associated components.

5. Quieter Operation

The smoother operation of closed loop stepper motors results in reduced noise and vibration. This is particularly beneficial in environments where noise levels must be kept to a minimum, such as in medical or research equipment.

 

Applications of Closed Loop Stepper Motors

1. Robotics

2. CNC Machines and 3D Printers

3. Medical Equipment

4. Industrial Automation

5. Aerospace and Defense

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