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Stepper Motor

What Is Stepper Motor？

A stepper motor is an electric motor that rotates its shaft in precise, fixed-degree increments. Due to its internal design, you can track the shaft's exact position simply by counting these steps, without needing any sensors. This precision control makes stepper motors ideal for many applications.

 

Stepper Motor System:

The operation of a stepper motor system revolves around the interaction between the rotor and stator. Here’s a detailed look at how a typical stepper motor works:

Signal Generation: A controller generates a sequence of electrical pulses that represent the desired movement.

Driver Activation: The driver receives the signals from the controller and energizes the motor windings in a specific sequence, creating a rotating magnetic field.

Rotor Movement: The magnetic field generated by the stator interacts with the rotor, causing it to rotate in discrete steps. The number of steps corresponds to the pulse frequency sent by the controller.

Feedback (Optional): In some systems, a feedback mechanism, such as an encoder, may be used to ensure that the motor has moved the correct distance. However, many stepper motor systems operate without feedback, relying on the precise control of the driver and controller.

 

Types of Hybrid Stepper Motors (size includes Nema 8 11 14 16 17 23 24 34 42 52):

Hybrid refers to a combination or mixture. Hybrid stepper motors or HB stepper motors combine the features of Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors and Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor. The shaft of a stepper motor rotates in discrete step increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the proper sequence. For precise positioning, Hybrid stepper motors are the best choice. All kinds of control signals, such as digital, analog, communication, etc, are widely used in a variety of applications for position and speed. A variety of HB motor types are available, including the primary type, encoder type, IP65 type, integrated type with drive and controller, brake type, and geared type.
As a professional stepper motor manufacturer, BesFoc provides excellent performance in areas of torque, speed, and step resolution. For hybrid stepper motors, step angles typically range from 200 to 400 steps per revolution. BesFoc unipolar and bipolar hybrid stepper motors include standard hybrid stepper motors, gearbox stepper motors, brake stepper motors, closed loop stepper motors, linear stepper motors, hollow shaft stepper motors, IP65 waterproof stepper motors, integrated stepper motors......

Hybrid Stepper Motors Structure:

stepper motor structure

The structure of a hybrid stepper motor consists of several key components:

Stator, rotor, cover, shaft, bearing, magnets, iron cores, wires, winding insulation, corrugated washers and so on...

 

Working Principle of Hybrid Stepper Motor Structure:

  • The stator coils are energized in a specific sequence, creating magnetic fields that attract or repel the teeth of the rotor.
  • As the rotor's teeth align with the stator poles, the rotor moves to the next stable position (a "step").
  • The combination of the rotor's permanent magnet and teeth ensures precise positioning and high torque with minimal loss.
 

Advantages of Hybrid Stepper Motors:

  1. High Precision: Small step angles (e.g., 1.8° or 0.9°) allow for precise positioning.
  2. High Torque: The combination of the permanent magnet and electromagnetic fields provides strong torque at low speeds.
  3. Efficient Design: Hybrid motors are more efficient than variable reluctance stepper motors.
  4. Smooth Operation: Micro-stepping allows for smoother motion with reduced vibration.
 

Stepper Motors Applications:

  • 3D Printers
  • CNC Machines
  • Robotics
  • Medical Equipment
  • Industrial Automation Systems
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