Stepper Motor

BesFoc Hybrid Stepper Motors (size includes Nema 8 11 14 16 17 23 24 34 42 52):

Hybrid refers to a combination or mixture. Hybrid stepper motors or HB stepper motors combine the features of Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors and Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor. The shaft of a stepper motor rotates in discrete step increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the proper sequence. For precise positioning, Hybrid stepper motors are the best choice. All kinds of control signals, such as digital, analog, communication, etc, are widely used in a variety of applications for position and speed. A variety of HB motor types are available, including the primary type, encoder type, IP65 type, integrated type with drive and controller, brake type, and geared type.

As a professional stepper motor manufacturer, BesFoc provides excellent performance in areas of torque, speed, and step resolution. For hybrid stepper motors, step angles typically range from 200 to 400 steps per revolution. BesFoc unipolar and bipolar hybrid stepper motors include standard hybrid stepper motors, gearbox stepper motors, brake stepper motors, closed loop stepper motors, linear stepper motors, hollow shaft stepper motors, IP65 waterproof stepper motors, integrated stepper motors......

What Is Stepper Motor？

A stepper motor is an electric motor that rotates its shaft in precise, fixed-degree increments. Due to its internal design, you can track the shaft's exact position simply by counting these steps, without needing any sensors. This precision control makes stepper motors ideal for many applications.

Stepper Motor System:

The operation of a stepper motor system revolves around the interaction between the rotor and stator. Here’s a detailed look at how a typical stepper motor works:

Signal Generation: A controller generates a sequence of electrical pulses that represent the desired movement.

Driver Activation: The driver receives the signals from the controller and energizes the motor windings in a specific sequence, creating a rotating magnetic field.

Rotor Movement: The magnetic field generated by the stator interacts with the rotor, causing it to rotate in discrete steps. The number of steps corresponds to the pulse frequency sent by the controller.

Feedback (Optional): In some systems, a feedback mechanism, such as an encoder, may be used to ensure that the motor has moved the correct distance. However, many stepper motor systems operate without feedback, relying on the precise control of the driver and controller.

Hybrid Stepper Motors Structure:

The structure of a hybrid stepper motor consists of several key components:

Stator, rotor, cover, shaft, bearing, magnets, iron cores, wires, winding insulation, corrugated washers and so on...

Working Principle of Hybrid Stepper Motor Structure:

Based on external control pulses and direction signals, the stepper motor driver controls the stepper motor windings to be energised in a certain timing sequence in either forward or reverse direction, making the motor rotate in forward/reverse direction, or lock, through its internal logic circuit.

Take 1.8 degree two-phase stepping motor as an example:

Take a 1.8 degree two-phase stepper motor for example: when both phase windings are electrically excited, the motor output shaft will be stationary and locked in position. The maximum torque to keep the motor locked at the rated current is the holding torque. If the current in one of the phase windings changes direction, the motor will rotate one step (1.8 degrees) in a given direction. Similarly, if it is the current in the other winding that has changed direction, the motor will rotate one step (1.8 degrees) in the direction opposite to the former. When the currents through the coil windings are sequentially diverted in order of excitation, the motor will rotate continuously in steps in the established direction with a very high degree of operating accuracy. For a 1.8 degree two-phase stepping motor, 200 steps are required to rotate one week.

Two-phase stepper motors have two types of windings: bipolar and unipolar. Bipolar motors have only one winding coil on each phase, the motor rotates continuously when the current to be in the same coil sequentially variable excitation, the drive circuit design requires eight electronic switches for sequential switching. Unipolar motors have two winding coils of opposite polarity on each phase, the motor rotates continuously as long as the two winding coils on the same phase are alternately energised and excited. The drive circuit design requires only four electronic switches. In the bipolar drive mode, the output torque of the motor in the bipolar drive mode is approximately 40% higher than in the unipolar drive mode because the winding coils on each phase are 100% excited.

2 Phase (Bipolar) Stepper Motor
2 Phase (Unipolar) Stepper Motor

Widing Mode and Power-on-Sequence:

2 Phase Stepper Motor:

4 Leading Wires （bipolar) ： 6 Leading Wires ( Unipolar):

2 Phase Bipolar Stepper Motor Winding Mode
2 Phase Bipolar Stepper Motor Power-on-Sequence
2 Phase Unipolar Stepper Motor Winding Mode
2 Phase Unipolar Stepper Motor Power-on-Sequence

8 Leading Wires （bipolar / Unipolar) :

2 Phase Stepper Motor Wiring Diagram
Mode 1: Bipolar Series with 8 Leading Wires
Mode 2: Bipolar Parallel Series with 8 Leading Wires
Mode 3: Unipolar Series with 8 Leading Wires

8 Leading Wires （bipolar / Unipolar) Stepper Motor Power-on-Sequence:

Bipolar Full Step Steper Motor Power-on-Sequence
Unipolar Full Step Stepper Motor power-on-Sequence

3 Phase Stepper Motor Winding Mode and Power-on-Sequence:

3 Phase Stepper Motor Winding Mode
3 Phase Stepper Motor Power-on-Sequence

BesFoc Customized Motors:

According to the application needs, provide a variety of customized motor solutions, common customization includes:

1. Sealed motor, suitable for dusty environment, dirty environment with small temperature change, etc

2. Special shaft, such as size, shape, etc

3. Belt wheels, gears and couplings etc

4. Encoders and other feedback components

5. Encoders and other feedback components. Lead length and customer use termination plug-in

Stepper Motor System Customized Service:

Wires Cables Customized
Stepper Motor Covers Customized
Closed Loop Systems Customized
Stepper Motor Brakes Customized
Integrated Systems Cuntomized

Linear Actuartors Motor Customized
Stepper Motor Shaft Customized
Stepper Motor Gearbox Customized
Stepper Driver Systems Customized
More Detailed Customized Service

Stepper Motor Shaft Customized Service:

Aluminum Pulley
Shaft Pin
Single D Shaft
Hollow Shaft
Plastic Pulley
Gear
Knurling
Hobbing Shaft
Screw Shaft
Hollow Shaft
Double D Shaft
Keyway

Advantages of Hybrid Stepper Motors:

High Precision: Small step angles (e.g., 1.8° or 0.9°) allow for precise positioning.
High Torque: The combination of the permanent magnet and electromagnetic fields provides strong torque at low speeds.
Efficient Design: Hybrid motors are more efficient than variable reluctance stepper motors.
Smooth Operation: Micro-stepping allows for smoother motion with reduced vibration.

Stepper Motors Applications:

3D Printers
CNC Machines
Robotics
Medical Equipment
Industrial Automation Systems

Integrated Servo Motors & Linear Motions Supplier

Stepper Motor

BesFoc Hybrid Stepper Motors (size includes Nema 8 11 14 16 17 23 24 34 42 52):

Hybrid Stepper Motor

Geared Stepper Motor

Closed Loop Stepper Motor

Brake Stepper Motor

Hollow Shaft Stepper Motor

Waterproof Stepper Motor

Integrated Stepper Motor

Linear Stepper Motor