Hybrid Stepper Motor

A stepper motor is an electric motor that rotates its shaft in precise, fixed-degree steps. Due to its internal structure, you can track the shaft's exact angular position by counting the steps—no sensor needed. This precision makes stepper motors ideal for many applications.

 

The operation of a stepper motor system revolves around the interaction between the rotor and stator. Here’s a detailed look at how a typical stepper motor works:
Signal Generation: A controller generates a sequence of electrical pulses that represent the desired movement.
Driver Activation: The driver receives the signals from the controller and energizes the motor windings in a specific sequence, creating a rotating magnetic field.
Rotor Movement: The magnetic field generated by the stator interacts with the rotor, causing it to rotate in discrete steps. The number of steps corresponds to the pulse frequency sent by the controller.
Feedback (Optional): In some systems, a feedback mechanism, such as an encoder, may be used to ensure that the motor has moved the correct distance. However, many stepper motor systems operate without feedback, relying on the precise control of the driver and controller.

 

1. Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors (PM)

These motors use permanent magnets for the rotor, which enhances torque at low speeds. They are simple and inexpensive, making them ideal for applications requiring moderate precision and speed.

2. Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors (VR)

In a variable reluctance motor, the rotor is made of soft iron, and the motor’s operation depends on the reluctance (resistance to magnetic flux) of the rotor. These motors are more efficient than PM motors but tend to produce less torque.

3. Hybrid Stepper Motors

Hybrid stepper motors combine features of both PM and VR motors to deliver superior performance. They offer better torque and accuracy, making them suitable for more demanding applications such as CNC machines, 3D printers, and robotic systems.

Hybrid stepper motors are BesFoc main products.

 

BesFoc Hybrid Stepper Motor Kinds:

A hybrid stepper motor merges the best characteristics of permanent magnet and variable reluctance technologies to provide superior performance. It is often referred to as a hybrid motor due to its combination of features from both motor types.

The rotor in a hybrid stepper motor contains a permanent magnet, while the stator has multiple coils that interact with the rotor to create a magnetic field. The rotor is designed with teeth or poles that align with the stator poles, allowing for finer control over the step resolution. This combination of permanent magnet and variable reluctance design provides high torque, excellent step resolution, and minimal backlash, making hybrid stepper motors highly efficient.

 

Hybrid Stepper Motors Structure:

Stator, rotor, cover, shaft, bearing, magnets, iron cores, wires, winding insulation, corrugated washers and so on...

 

 

1. High Precision: Small step angles (e.g., 1.8° or 0.9°) allow for precise positioning.
2. High Torque: The combination of the permanent magnet and electromagnetic fields provides strong torque at low speeds.
3. Efficient Design: Hybrid motors are more efficient than variable reluctance stepper motors.
4. Smooth Operation: Micro-stepping allows for smoother motion with reduced vibration.